Types of Eye Allergies: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment Options

Seasonal Eye Allergies

It’s no coincidence that eye allergies flare up in the late spring and early fall. This reaction is called seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) or hay fever. It’s typically brought on when grasses, weeds, and trees release pollen into the air, and it can also be triggered by exposure to mold spores.

The symptoms of seasonal eye allergies can include:

• Itching
• Redness
• Tearing
• Burning sensation
• Swelling
• Discharge

With seasonal eye allergies, you’ll notice these symptoms flare up during certain months — usually spring, summer, or fall, depending on where you live and which allergens are in the air.

Prevention and Treatment for Seasonal Eye Allergies

Seasonal allergies are common but can still disrupt your daily routine. Try avoiding triggers by:

• Checking the pollen count. If it’s high, try limiting your time outdoors, closing your windows, and using an air conditioner instead of a fan to stay cool (fans can circulate dust mites).
• Using protective sunglasses to shield your eyes. If you need prescription sunglasses, visit your local EyeCare Center to choose from our wide collection of designer brands, such as Ray-Ban, Oakley, Coach, and Vogue.
• Keeping your windows closed while driving to prevent allergens from entering your car.

You can also help relieve the symptoms with:

• A cold compress to reduce swelling and discomfort.
• Over-the-counter antihistamines. The same allergy medications that relieve nasal reactions can be used for eye allergy relief.
• Sterile saline rinses that can help flush out allergens from your eyes.
• Eyedrops with ketotifen. Ask your optometrist about prescribing the correct eye drops.

If symptoms persist despite home treatments or significantly impact your daily life, it's best to see a doctor. Visit an optometrist for eye-specific issues or a physician if you have other allergy symptoms.

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe, chronic eye allergy that primarily affects children and young adults, especially males. VKC is caused by an allergic reaction to airborne allergens such as pollen and dust and is most common in the spring and summer months, especially in warm climates. 

VKC is a more severe eye allergy type than the typical conjunctivitis seen in SAC and PAC because it affects both the conjunctiva and the cornea. It can lead to severe complications if untreated. 

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis symptoms can include: 

• Severe itching that can be relentless and disruptive
• Significant redness and inflammation in the eyes
• Sticky, thick discharge that can form crusts
• Sensitivity to light, causing discomfort in bright conditions
• Feeling like there is something in your eye
• Swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva
• Excessive tearing that can blur vision

Prevention and Treatment for Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

VKC is a severe reaction you may not be able to prevent. However, you can try limiting your exposure to known allergens, especially during peak seasons. You can also try treating it at home with: 

• A cold compress
• Artificial tears
• Antihistamines

If you notice symptoms of an allergic reaction in the eyes that are severe, persistent, or affect your vision, see an optometrist or physician. They might prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers or corticosteroid eye drops. Early treatment can prevent complications and preserve your eye health.